How should removed pages be handled in e-commerce sites?

1. How do you avoid duplicate content in eCommerce?
2. What is one of the ways duplication can occur on a eCommerce site?

How do you avoid duplicate content in eCommerce?

Apply Canonical Tags

If you have two pages with duplicate content, you can use canonical tags to let search engines know that a specific piece of content is a copy of another page. This will save you from any penalization since you are informing Google or any search engine about your source.

What is one of the ways duplication can occur on a eCommerce site?

The most blatant form of duplicate content on an e-commerce site is at the category level. This happens if multiple categories target the exact same type of product (for example, “Men's Boots” and “Boots for Men”).