Style guides lower case titles

1. Are titles lower case in APA?
2. What should be included in lowercase in a title?
3. When can you lowercase formal titles?

Are titles lower case in APA?

In general, only the first word of a book or article's title is capitalized. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Also, if the title contains a colon or dash, the word immediately following it is capitalized. You should always italicize book and journal titles.

What should be included in lowercase in a title?

Lowercase only minor words that are three letters or fewer in a title or heading (except the first word in a title or subtitle or the first word after a colon, em dash, or end punctuation in a heading): short conjunctions (e.g., “and,” “as,” “but,” “for,” “if,” “nor,” “or,” “so,” “yet”) articles (“a,” “an,” “the”)

When can you lowercase formal titles?

In general, capitalize formal titles used directly before a name. Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement.