Where is app information stored?
You can find the app data in the /data/data/<package_name> in the internal storage of your Android device. It is also known as shared storage, where you can access all the apps downloaded from APK files or Playstore.
How do apps get your information?
To gain access to information like your location or contacts or to get access to features like your camera and microphone, apps need your permission. You may be asked to give permission when you first download the app, or at the time the app first tries to access that information or feature.